Rigid, highly conjugated tetraalkynyl-calix[4]arenes synthesised via Sonogashira coupling give rise to improved second-order hyperpolarizability values as determined by hyper-Rayleigh scattering-a technique that in addition to X-ray crystallography also allows for the conformational analysis of the calixarene structures in solution.
Tetraalkynyl calix[4]arenes with advanced NLO properties
Chem. Commun. 2005, 2747-2749.