Stable, Well-Defined Nickel(0) Catalysts for Catalytic C-C and C-N Bond Formation

The synthesis and catalytic activity of several classes of NHC–Ni(0) precatalysts stabilized by electron-withdrawing alkenes are described. Variations in the structure of fumarate and acrylate ligands modulate the reactivity and stability of the NHC–Ni(0) precatalysts and lead to practical and versatile catalysts for a variety of transformations. The catalytic activity and efficiency of representative members of this class of catalysts have been evaluated in reductive couplings of aldehydes and alkynes and in N-arylations of amines.