NMR and isothermal calorimetric titrations, as well as X-ray structures, show the binding of a nitrate anion inside guanidinium-based macrocycles. All six lone pairs of nitrate are complemented by oriented hydrogen bond donors from a guanidinium and two urea subunits.
Enthalpy driven nitrate complexation by guanidinium-based macrocycles
New J. Chem. 2007, 31, 736-740.