Bismuth(III) oxide has been successfully applied as a photocatalyst in the arylation of heteroarenes with diazonium salts. With a low catalyst loading (1 to 5 mol-%), this cheap and nontoxic semiconductor could efficiently promote the forma- tion of the aryl radical under visible light irradiation. The aryl- ated products are obtained in moderate to good yields, and the process admits straightforward scale-up (10 mmol; 1 mol-% Bi2O3). In two cases, the diazonium salt was generated in situ and used in the photocatalytic arylation in a tandem manner. Besides heteroarenes, Bi2O3 also catalyzed the arylation of dif- ferently substituted alkenes and alkynes, thus representing a viable and practical alternative to the more commonly used ruthenium complexes and organic dyes.
Visible-Light-Promoted Arylation Reactions Photocatalyzed by Bismuth(III) Oxide
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2017, 6986-6990, DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701242.