Nickel salophens exclusively form monolayers at a liquid-solid interface, while in contrast zinc salophens mainly self-assemble into bilayers via axial ligand self-coordination which can be disrupted by the addition of pyridine axial ligands.
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![Axial ligand control over monolayer and bilayer formation of metal-salophens at the liquid–solid interface](https://www.iciq.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Axial-ligand-control-over_2548.gif)