A light-emitting diode based upon a three-component hybrid inorganic/organic nanocomposite film, comprising a mesoporous TiO2 film, a light-emitting polymer adsorbed to the metal-oxide surface, and a hole-transporting polymer interpenetrated into the film pores (see figure), is described: it allows the luminescence and charge-carrier transport processes to be tuned individually.
A multilayered polymer light-emitting diode using a nanocrystalline metal-oxide film as a charge-injection electrode
Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 683-687.