Inverted Hybrid Light Emitting Diodes Using Carbon Dots as Selective Contacts: The Effect of Surface Ligands

We describe the use of Carbon Dots (C-Dots) as selective contact for electronic holes in inverted hybrid light emitting diodes. More-over, we have studied the effect of the C-Dots amine-derivative surface ligands and their impact on the device performance. The different surface ligands not only affect the optical properties of the C-Dots but also the device turn-on voltage and the luminance parameters, despite not forming part of the emissive layer. For instance, the C-Dots capped with the aromatic ring p-phenylenediamine show unfavorable effects whereas the effect of non-aromatic capping ligands depends upon the length of their molecular backbone.